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will dated 17 October 1775 and proved 13 July 1793 (accessed 12 August 2026).","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101124215937id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_JGlasgowWill.html","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-a6e29874fc7c","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"\"Will of Mary Glasgow\" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101104164512id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_MaryWill.html), transcription of Newberry Will Book H, pp. 489–490; will dated 5 April 1822 and proved 14 October 1822 (accessed 12 August 2026).","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101104164512id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_MaryWill.html","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-0ddede90d362","provenance":"surname-research/indexes/relationship-hypotheses.md"},{"title":"1820 United States census (https://archive.org/details/populationsc18200120unit/page/n146/mode/1up), Newberry District, South Carolina, p. 135, John Glasgow household; NARA microfilm publication M33, roll 120 (accessed 12 August 2026).","url":"https://archive.org/details/populationsc18200120unit/page/n146/mode/1up","source_quality":"unknown","independence_group":"SRC-a33042f3e512","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"\"Will of Mary, wife of Wilson Glasgow\" (), transcription of Newberry Will Book N, p","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101124215757id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_WilsonGlasgowWife.html","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-ce4491e59545","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"\"Probate court general index to estates, 1785–1949\" (https://genealogytrails.com/scar/newberry/estates1785-1949/22.htm), entries for Absolom Glasgow, estate 1069, and J. L. Glasgow and others, estate 1901 (accessed 12 August 2026).","url":"https://genealogytrails.com/scar/newberry/estates1785-1949/22.htm","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-39dc35763f4c","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"WikiTree profile export for Glasgow-1146","url":"https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Glasgow-1146","source_quality":"tree_only","independence_group":"SRC-3409a5f527e2","provenance":"profile-export"},{"title":"James's will","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101124184247id_/http://www.lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_JGlasgowWill.html","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-6e745be16000","provenance":"surname-research/indexes/relationship-hypotheses.md"}],"warnings":[],"provenance":{"tree":"WikiTree One-Tree export","mapped_records":"Glasgow Surname Project map dataset","profile_capture":"Public WikiTree profile evidence capture","relationship_assessments":"Controlled local relationship hypothesis register","research_findings":"Durable research/<profile-or-catalogue-ID>/findings.md case file"},"research_findings":[{"profile_id":"Glasgow-1146","updated":null,"source_path":"research/Glasgow-1146/findings.md","sections":[{"title":"Current conclusion","category":"conclusion","markdown":"John was born about 1756, not 1765: his Gilders Creek stone says that he died\n11 December 1826 aged 70. James Glasgow's will directly calls John his son,\ngives him fifty acres, and entrusts him with Robert and Mary in supporting the\nyounger children. Mary's 1822 will independently calls John her son.\n\nNo record found names John's wife. Absolom remains a plausible son, but the\nrelationship is not yet direct. The 1820 Newberry return records a three-person\nJohn Glasgow household. Its age distribution is compatible with John, a wife\nand Absolom, but the schedule does not name anyone except the household head.\n\nNo additional son of John has been identified. Hiram Glasgow is not a candidate:\nthe 1837 will of Mary, widow of Wilson Glasgow, directly calls Hiram her son.\nJohn's lack of an indexed estate packet means that Absolom's 1834 estate and the\n1837 guardianship of his children are the best remaining records for proving\nJohn's descendant line.\n\n[Glasgow-2291](https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Glasgow-2291) is a duplicate of\nJohn, not another relative. It has the same name, approximate birth, exact death\ndate and Newberry place, and cites the Gilders Creek memorial for this man. It\nhas no attached family that would add another descendant line."},{"title":"Source findings","category":"sources","markdown":"| Source | Finding | Assessment |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| [James Glasgow's will](https://web.archive.org/web/20101124215937id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_JGlasgowWill.html), dated 17 October 1775, proved 13 July 1793 | Calls John a son, gives him fifty acres, and charges Mary, Robert and John with supporting the younger children. | Direct relationship evidence in a derivative transcription. |\n| [Mary Glasgow's will](https://web.archive.org/web/20101104164512id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_MaryWill.html), dated 5 April 1822, proved 14 October 1822 | Calls John “my son” and gives him management of her property. | Direct relationship evidence in a derivative transcription. |\n| [1820 Newberry census, p. 135](https://archive.org/details/populationsc18200120unit/page/n146/mode/1up) | A John Glasgow household of three appears beside other Glasgow households. The unnamed age structure is compatible with John and Absolom. | Direct household evidence; it does not prove relationships. |\n| [Gilders Creek Cemetery](https://genealogytrails.com/scar/newberry/gilders_creek_cem.htm) | John died 11 December 1826 aged 70; Absolom died 6 February 1834 aged 35. | Direct age/death evidence from published stone transcriptions; no relationship wording reported. |\n| [Newberry estate index](https://genealogytrails.com/scar/newberry/estates1785-1949/22.htm) | Hiram administered Absolom's estate in 1834 and became guardian of “J L & others” in 1837. No estate is indexed for John. | Proves fiduciary roles, not Hiram's relationship to Absolom or John. |\n| [Mary, widow of Wilson Glasgow, will](https://web.archive.org/web/20101124215757id_/http://lifesweaving.com/Glasgow/Paper_WilsonGlasgowWife.html) | Directly calls Hiram Mary's son. | Excludes Hiram as a proposed son of John unless an otherwise unsupported duplicate Hiram existed. |\n| [Glasgow-2291](https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Glasgow-2291) | Same 1756–11 December 1826 Newberry identity and Gilders Creek memorial; no family attached. | Duplicate of Glasgow-1146. |"}]}],"similar_people":[{"id":"Glasgow-2291","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-2291","html_url":"/people/glasgow-2291.html","birth_year":1756,"death_year":1826,"birth_place":null,"death_place":"Newberry, South Carolina, United States","score":71,"classification":"possible duplicate","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","same birth year (+30)","same death year (+15)","overlapping locality (+8)"],"conflicts":[],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-1549","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1549","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1549.html","birth_year":1758,"death_year":1825,"birth_place":"Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland","death_place":"Sinking Valley, Blair, Pennsylvania, United States","score":48,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","birth years within 2 (+25)","death years within 1 (+10)"],"conflicts":["unassessed father attachments differ (−5)"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-1657","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1657","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1657.html","birth_year":1766,"death_year":1836,"birth_place":"County Antrim, Ireland","death_place":"Cross, Ballymoney, County Antrim, Ireland, United Kingdom","score":48,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","birth years within 10 (+10)","shared recorded place (+20)"],"conflicts":[],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-3984","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3984","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3984.html","birth_year":1664,"death_year":null,"birth_place":"Ireland","death_place":"County Londonderry, Ireland","score":38,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","shared recorded place (+20)"],"conflicts":["record-derived birth estimates differ by 92; retained without deduction"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-3990","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3990","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3990.html","birth_year":1680,"death_year":null,"birth_place":null,"death_place":null,"score":38,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","shared recorded place (+20)"],"conflicts":["record-derived birth estimates differ by 76; retained without deduction","uncertain father attachments differ (no deduction)"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-3959","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3959","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3959.html","birth_year":1705,"death_year":null,"birth_place":"County Antrim, Ireland","death_place":null,"score":38,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","shared recorded place (+20)"],"conflicts":["record-derived birth estimates differ by 51; retained without deduction"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-1022","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1022","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1022.html","birth_year":1751,"death_year":1852,"birth_place":"County Antrim, Ireland","death_place":"County Antrim, Ireland, United Kingdom","score":38,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","birth years within 5 (+18)","shared recorded place (+20)"],"conflicts":["death years differ by 26 (−18)","uncertain father attachments differ (no deduction)"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-159","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-159","html_url":"/people/glasgow-159.html","birth_year":1761,"death_year":null,"birth_place":null,"death_place":null,"score":36,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","birth years within 5 (+18)"],"conflicts":[],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"}],"potential_parentage":{"children_recorded":[{"id":"Glasgow-1145","name":"Absolom Glasgow","birth_year":1799,"death_year":1834,"gender":"Male","parent_ids":["Glasgow-1146"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-1145.html"}],"earliest_dated_son":{"id":"Glasgow-1145","name":"Absolom Glasgow","given":"absolom","given_tokens":["absolom"],"gender":"Male","birth_year":1799,"birth_place":"Newberry, South Carolina, United States","death_year":1834,"parent_ids":["Glasgow-1146"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-1145.html"},"earliest_dated_daughter":null,"second_dated_son":null,"second_dated_daughter":null,"third_dated_son":null,"third_dated_daughter":null,"naming_controls":{"matches":0,"mismatches":0,"factor":1.0,"details":[]},"candidates":[{"id":"Glasgow-649","name":"Arthur Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-649","html_url":"/people/glasgow-649.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":1822,"gender":"Male","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 16–26 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Moneymore, County Londonderry, Ireland","Rockbridge, Virginia, United States","Moneymore"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (16–26 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)"],"conflicts":["a different father is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; concordant record transcriptions)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","same country, but no indexed locality overlap (−10)","subject lies more than 20 years from the candidate's known child-bearing period (−6; children may be missing)","candidate already has another child named John Glasgow (Glasgow-2070) without a documented death permitting name reuse (−4; check whether the child profiles duplicate or conflict)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":2,"factors":["age","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasko-5","name":"Jacob Glasko","catalogue_id":"glasko-5","html_url":"/people/glasko-5.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":1824,"gender":"Male","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 16–26 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Rhode Island","Griswold, New London, Connecticut, United States"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (16–26 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)"],"conflicts":["a different father is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; concordant record transcriptions)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":2,"factors":["age","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-1142","name":"James Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1142","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1142.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":1803,"gender":"Male","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 16–16 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Kilbirnie — Ayrshire"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (16–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","the same sex-aware parent-name position recurs independently in sibling households: Archibald Glasgow → James Glasgow; Robert Glasgow → James Glasgow; Wilson Crossier Glasgow → James J Glasgow (+9)"],"conflicts":["a different father is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; concordant record transcriptions)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":3,"factors":["age","sibling-household replication","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-2469","name":"James Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-2469","html_url":"/people/glasgow-2469.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":null,"gender":"Male","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 16–16 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Kilwinning, Ayrshire, Scotland","Kilwinning — Ayrshire"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (16–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","the same sex-aware parent-name position recurs independently in sibling households: Archibald Glasgow → James Glasgow; Robert Glasgow → James Glasgow; Wilson Crossier Glasgow → James J Glasgow (+9)"],"conflicts":["a different father is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; concordant record transcriptions)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":3,"factors":["age","sibling-household replication","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-3137","name":"James Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3137","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3137.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":null,"gender":"Male","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 16–16 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Corvanaghan, County Tyrone, Ireland","Corvanaghan townland — Kildress parish"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (16–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","the same sex-aware parent-name position recurs independently in sibling households: Archibald Glasgow → James Glasgow; Robert Glasgow → James Glasgow; Wilson Crossier Glasgow → James J Glasgow (+9)"],"conflicts":["a different father is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; concordant record transcriptions)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","same country, but no indexed locality overlap (−10)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":3,"factors":["age","sibling-household replication","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-1125","name":"Bessie Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1125","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1125.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 15–26 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Kilwinning — Ayrshire"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (15–26 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)"],"conflicts":["a different mother is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; direct will transcription)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":2,"factors":["age","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-1232","name":"Elizabeth Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1232","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1232.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 15–16 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Livingston, Linlithgowshire, Scotland","Livingston — West Lothian"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (15–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)"],"conflicts":["a different mother is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; direct will transcription)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":2,"factors":["age","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-3289","name":"Hannah Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3289","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3289.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":1816,"gender":"Female","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 15–16 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Cecil, Maryland, United States"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (15–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)"],"conflicts":["a different mother is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; direct will transcription)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":2,"factors":["age","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-3513","name":"Helen Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3513","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3513.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 15–16 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Stitchel, Roxburghshire, Scotland","Roxburghshire — exact locality unproved"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (15–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)"],"conflicts":["a different mother is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; direct will transcription)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","candidate is recorded only outside the subject's birth country (−25)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":2,"factors":["age","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":2,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Unknown-763421","name":"Jane Glasgow","catalogue_id":"unknown-763421","html_url":"/people/unknown-763421.html","birth_year":1750,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","age_gap":6,"age_gap_label":"nominally 6 years; approximate dates permit about 15–16 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["County Antrim — exact locality unproved"],"score":0,"classification":"competing linked parent","reasons":["the nominal 6-year gap is too small, but the approximate birth date permits a narrow biologically viable interval (15–16 years) (+4)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1799), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","same broad administrative area only (+1; not a locality match)"],"conflicts":["a different mother is strongly supported (−30; Strongly supported; direct will transcription)","parentage requires the approximate birth estimate to be early enough (no deduction)","the subject's current profile explicitly says its birth details are unproved (score capped at 39)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":0,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":3,"factors":["age","broad geography","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":3,"suggested_co_parent":null}],"method":"Automated leads use birth surnames—not married surnames—as parental eligibility, role-specific biological age limits, bounded and approximate-date uncertainty, household chronology, specific time-aware localities, mapped distance, tenancy succession, migration destinations and sex-aware Scottish naming positions across generations. People already attached as the subject's parents stay in the identity summary and are excluded from this alternative-candidate list, regardless of relationship confidence. The main calibration uses clues available on disconnected profiles; existing parent and sibling links are retained as comparison context rather than treated as transferable evidence. Common ordered names and grandparent-to-child echoes receive a small non-zero weight, so a John or James match can support several independent criteria without producing a lead alone. Rare names, repeated bearers and bundles across otherwise distinct branches receive substantially more weight according to catalogue frequency. An exact migration place is weighted by its rarity and repetition across both branches; a shared destination country is worth only one point. Extra weight is added only when at least three independent clue types converge: naming, locality, specific migration, household chronology or collateral networks. Sparse profiles retain a clearly labelled chronology-only fallback instead of disappearing. Countries, states, counties and research clusters do not count as a shared locality, and fallback, broad representative or kin-inferred coordinates are excluded from distance scoring. Shared descendant profiles are removed before branch-name comparison. A candidate already recorded as a parent-in-law is excluded. A confident or independently supported parent is treated as settled; uncertain and unassessed attachments remain open to alternative comparison. A different linked parent, an uncle/aunt or grandparent path, and a matching existing child profile prevent an alternative from being classified as a strong direct-parent lead until the underlying tree conflict or duplicate is resolved. Familiar forms such as Bessie are normalised. Surname remains an eligibility filter worth zero points.","warning":"Naming customs, shared farms and occupations are circumstantial. Children, spouses and collateral relatives may be missing, and tree-derived family networks are not independent evidence. Scores rank research leads; they do not prove parentage."}}