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Distinction from other men named John Glasgow This John should not be confused with: * John Glasgow, born about 1820; * John Glasgow, born about 1789 and associated with Scotland; * John Glasgow of Glenleslie, who is a possible father rather than the same person; * a John Glasgow reportedly born during a voyage to New York o…","url":"https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KDXL-YJ1","source_quality":"unknown","independence_group":"SRC-f74defa8724e","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"FamilySearch residence record (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6HW-FPR), John Glasgow in Macoupin County, Illinois, 1870.","url":"https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6HW-FPR","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-2996c2b48237","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"FamilySearch record (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M47Q-56D), John and Jane Glasgow, Ontario.","url":"https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M47Q-56D","source_quality":"derivative","independence_group":"SRC-e254a2122fd6","provenance":"wikitree_profile_citation"},{"title":"WikiTree profile export for Glasgow-867","url":"https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Glasgow-867","source_quality":"tree_only","independence_group":"SRC-ae75c12d6940","provenance":"profile-export"}],"warnings":[],"provenance":{"tree":"WikiTree One-Tree export","mapped_records":"Glasgow Surname Project map dataset","profile_capture":"Public WikiTree profile evidence capture","relationship_assessments":"Controlled local relationship hypothesis register","research_findings":"Durable research/<profile-or-catalogue-ID>/findings.md case file"},"research_findings":[{"profile_id":"Glasgow-867","updated":"2026-08-13","source_path":"research/Glasgow-867/findings.md","sections":[{"title":"Current conclusion","category":"conclusion","markdown":"John Glasgow of Lisnagaver directly identified his father as **John Glasgow,\nfarmer**, in his 1846 marriage. His brother Samuel is proved by the 1851 census.\nThe Rasharkin Second Presbyterian gravestone erected by John's son James Garvin\nGlasgo adds John's death on 20 June 1895, aged 78, and identifies Margaret Garvin\nas James's mother. It therefore gives John an approximate birth year of 1816/17,\nalthough the 1851 return reported his age as fifty.\n\nThe later date makes John `Glasgow-1022` a less comfortable father candidate:\nhe would have been about sixty-five when this John was born. That remains\npossible, especially because early Irish ages are inconsistent, but the shared\nname and occupation no longer make the identity the clear leading solution.\nKeep the link uncertain.\n\nAlexander `Glasgow-2385` cannot be this John's son. Alexander was already a\nfull-age bachelor in April 1847 and named his own father as John Glasgow,\nlabourer. John `Glasgow-867` had married only five months earlier and was himself\nprobably born about 1817. Alexander belongs to a different father-John branch."},{"title":"Source findings","category":"sources","markdown":"| Source | Finding | Assessment |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| [Original civil marriage of John Glasgow and Margaret Garvin, 16 November 1846](https://www.irishgenealogy.ie/view/?record_id=cima-3156063) | John was a bachelor farmer of Lisnagaver and son of **John Glasgow, farmer**. Margaret was a spinster and daughter of **James Garvin, farmer**. | Direct evidence for spouse, residence, occupations and both fathers. Saved [original PDF](sources/john_glasgow_margaret_garvin_marriage_1846.pdf). |\n| [1851 census, Lisnagaver house 34](https://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1851/Antrim/Kilconway/Rasharkin/Lisnagaver/34/) | John, fifty, lived with wife Margaret, daughter Ann and brother Samuel; his marriage year was 1846. | Direct relationship evidence for Ann and Samuel, and a unique identity bridge to the marriage. The reported age conflicts with the gravestone. |\n| [Rasharkin Second Presbyterian gravestones](https://genealogy.torrens.org/BannValley/church/RasharkinP/graveyard.html) | James Garvin Glasgo erected a stone naming his father John, died 20 June 1895 aged 78, and his mother Margaret Garvin, died 10 January 1892 aged 74. James died 14 February 1918 aged 67. | Direct family memorial evidence. The unusual full name, residence and later civil records identify the family securely. |\n| [Original marriage of Annie Glasgow and Francis Bellingham, 18 February 1875](https://www.irishgenealogy.ie/files/civil/marriage_returns/marriages_1875/11190/8100682.pdf) | Annie was a full-age spinster of Rasharkin parish and daughter of **John Glasgow, farmer**. | Independent direct evidence that the census daughter Ann survived and married. Saved [original PDF](sources/annie_glasgow_francis_bellingham_marriage_1875.pdf). |\n| [Original marriage of James Garvin Glasgow and Eliza Ann Aiken, 1 July 1886](https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/marriage_returns/marriages_1886/10840/5957283.pdf) | James was a full-age bachelor farmer of Lisnagaver and son of **John Glasgow, farmer**. | Direct father statement; combined with the gravestone, proves both parents. Saved [original PDF](sources/james_glasgow_eliza_aiken_marriage_1886.pdf). |\n| [Original death of James Garvin Glasgow, 14 February 1918](https://www.irishgenealogy.ie/files/civil/deaths_returns/deaths_1918/05197/4435754.pdf) | James Garvin Glasgow, married farmer, died aged 67; Eliza Ann Glasgow, widow, was present at death. | Direct identity and spouse continuation. Saved [original PDF](sources/james_garvin_glasgow_death_1918.pdf). |\n| [Original marriage of Alexander Glasgow and Mary Anne Martin, 6 April 1847](https://www.irishgenealogy.ie/files/civil/marriage_returns/marriages_1847/09322/5375567.pdf) | Alexander was a full-age bachelor labourer of Glenleslie and son of **John Glasgow, labourer**. | Excludes Alexander `Glasgow-2385` as John `Glasgow-867`'s son. It does not identify which older John was Alexander's father. |"},{"title":"Effect on relationships","category":"assessment","markdown":"- Margaret Garvin is John's proved wife.\n- Ann `Glasgow-1371` is John's proved daughter. Her maternity is strongly\n  supported by the 1851 household but not named in her marriage.\n- James Garvin `Glasgow-2406` is proved as the son of John and Margaret by the\n  combined marriage and gravestone evidence.\n- Samuel `Glasgow-2908` is John's proved brother.\n- John `Glasgow-1022` may remain as an uncertain father, but the gravestone date\n  lowers the confidence of that identification.\n- Alexander `Glasgow-2385` was detached as John's son. He is a different\n  adult son of a John Glasgow, labourer."},{"title":"Remaining parentage problem","category":"assessment","markdown":"The named father was a John Glasgow who worked as a farmer by 1846. The evidence\ndoes not give his residence, wife or age. The records now require a man capable\nof fathering both Samuel, born about 1791, and John, whose sources disagree\nbetween about 1801 and about 1817. The Killoquin estate tenant books for 1772-74\nand 1835 are the most promising source for separating the local John households."}]}],"similar_people":[{"id":"Glasgow-2770","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-2770","html_url":"/people/glasgow-2770.html","birth_year":1800,"death_year":null,"birth_place":"South Carolina, United States","death_place":null,"score":43,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","birth years within 1 (+25)"],"conflicts":["uncertain father attachments differ (no deduction)"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"},{"id":"Glasgow-1535","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1535","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1535.html","birth_year":1801,"death_year":1835,"birth_place":"Barony, Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom","death_place":"Airdrie, Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom","score":43,"classification":"similar person","match_reasons":["same first and last name (+18)","same birth year (+30)"],"conflicts":["unassessed father attachments differ (−5)"],"matching_children":[],"child_name_overlap":[],"parent_comparison":"No shared parent is indexed"}],"potential_parentage":{"children_recorded":[{"id":"Glasgow-2385","name":"Alexander Glasgow","birth_year":1816,"death_year":1917,"gender":"Male","parent_ids":["Glasgow-867"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-2385.html"},{"id":"Glasgow-1371","name":"Ann (Glasgow) Bellingham","birth_year":1848,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","parent_ids":["Glasgow-867","Garvin-1831"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-1371.html"},{"id":"Glasgow-2406","name":"James Garvin Glasgow","birth_year":1852,"death_year":1918,"gender":"Male","parent_ids":["Glasgow-867","Garvin-1831"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-2406.html"}],"earliest_dated_son":{"id":"Glasgow-2406","name":"James Garvin Glasgow","given":"james","given_tokens":["james","garvin"],"gender":"Male","birth_year":1852,"birth_place":"Lisnagaver, Killoquin, Rasharkin, County Antrim, Ireland, United Kingdom","death_year":1918,"parent_ids":["Glasgow-867","Garvin-1831"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-2406.html"},"earliest_dated_daughter":{"id":"Glasgow-1371","name":"Ann (Glasgow) Bellingham","given":"ann","given_tokens":["ann"],"gender":"Female","birth_year":1848,"birth_place":"Rasharkin, County Antrim, Ireland, United Kingdom","death_year":null,"parent_ids":["Glasgow-867","Garvin-1831"],"html_url":"/people/glasgow-1371.html"},"second_dated_son":null,"second_dated_daughter":null,"third_dated_son":null,"third_dated_daughter":null,"naming_controls":{"matches":0,"mismatches":0,"factor":1.0,"details":[]},"candidates":[{"id":"Glasgow-1367","name":"Robert Glasco","catalogue_id":"glasgow-1367","html_url":"/people/glasgow-1367.html","birth_year":1779,"death_year":null,"gender":"Male","age_gap":22,"age_gap_label":"22 years","role":"possible father","locations":["County Tyrone, Ireland","Doonbought townland","Glenleslie townland"],"score":43,"classification":"moderate lead","reasons":["plausible 22-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 37 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a marginal two-generation interval (+1)","mapped Doonbought townland is 13.5 km from the subject's birth-period Rasharkin (+2; one or both placements are unproved)","same research cluster (+0; grouping is not kinship evidence)","another recorded child shares the subject's birth year (+2; possible twins or date uncertainty)","candidate has another child, Margaret Glasgow, born 0 years from the subject in the same specific birth locality (+6; possible sibling-household clue)","known spouse Catherine (Unknown) Glasgow had a bounded, possibly plausible maternal age (18) at the subject's birth (+3)","shared recorded occupation: farmer (+3; weak household-continuity clue)","candidate's sibling and niece/nephew network repeats names in the subject's descendant line (three rarest at most): Alexander +5 (59 public profiles; niece/nephew Alexander Glasgow, sibling Alexander Glasgow; +2 repetition bonus); Ann +3 (41 public profiles; niece/nephew Ann (Glasgow) Bellingham) (+8 total)","the subject would fill the first son position among the candidate's dated children, and the candidate's linked father John Glasgow shares the subject's common given name (+2; Scottish grandparent-name pattern, John in 278 public profiles; Working; low-to-moderate; weak alone)","4 independent unlinked-profile clue types converge (+8): collateral network, household chronology, locality, naming"],"conflicts":["a different linked father is explicitly uncertain (−6; an existing hypothesis still needs resolving)","candidate already has another child named John Glasgow (Glasgow-3140) without a documented death permitting name reuse (−4; check whether the child profiles duplicate or conflict)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":10,"factors":["age","collateral naming","common grandparent birth-order naming","household chronology","indirect multi-factor convergence","local sibling birth","mapped proximity","occupation","spouse chronology","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":10,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Glasgow-822","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-822","html_url":"/people/glasgow-822.html","birth_year":1767,"death_year":1851,"gender":"Male","age_gap":34,"age_gap_label":"34 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Ireland","Guernsey County, Ohio, United States","Drumlamph townland","Inishrush"],"score":36,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["plausible 34-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","mapped Inishrush is 9.5 km from the subject's birth-period Rasharkin (+2; one or both placements are unproved)","subject's birth fits between children attributed to the same parental couple (1799–1815) (+6; other parent Mary Arthur)","known spouse Mary Arthur had a plausible maternal age (27) at the subject's birth (+7)","candidate and subject share the given name John (+4; weak direct parent-child name recurrence, 278 public profiles)","3 independent unlinked-profile clue types converge (+5): household chronology, locality, naming"],"conflicts":["a different linked father is explicitly uncertain (−6; an existing hypothesis still needs resolving)","candidate already has another child named John Glasgow (Glasgow-1617) without a documented death permitting name reuse (−4; check whether the child profiles duplicate or conflict)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":7,"factors":["age","indirect multi-factor convergence","mapped proximity","same-sex generational naming","spouse chronology","spouse-specific child window","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":7,"suggested_co_parent":{"id":"Arthur-2480","name":"Mary Arthur","html_url":"/people/arthur-2480.html"}},{"id":"Glasgow-3904","name":"Older Alexander Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3904","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3904.html","birth_year":1778,"death_year":null,"gender":"Male","age_gap":23,"age_gap_label":"at least 23 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Killoquin electoral division"],"score":34,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["bounded birth date gives a parent-child age gap of at least 23 years (+10; true age remains uncertain)","candidate's birth is 38 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a marginal two-generation interval (+1)","mapped Killoquin electoral division is 1.0 km from the subject's birth-period Rasharkin (+3; one or both placements are unproved)","subject's birth fits between children attributed to the same parental couple (1796–1815) (+6; other parent Rosanna Unknown)","known spouse Rosanna Unknown had a bounded, possibly plausible maternal age (23) at the subject's birth (+3)","shared recorded occupation: farmer (+3; weak household-continuity clue)","candidate's name matches the first dated son Alexander Glasgow, the expected father position for a male subject (+6; catalogue rarity 1, Alexander in 59 profiles)","4 independent unlinked-profile clue types converge (+8): collateral network, household chronology, locality, naming"],"conflicts":["a different linked father is explicitly uncertain (−6; an existing hypothesis still needs resolving)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":8,"factors":["age","indirect multi-factor convergence","mapped proximity","occupation","sex-aware ordered naming","spouse chronology","spouse-specific child window","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":8,"suggested_co_parent":{"id":"Unknown-761034","name":"Rosanna Unknown","html_url":"/people/unknown-761034.html"}},{"id":"Glasgow-3324","name":"William Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3324","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3324.html","birth_year":1763,"death_year":1816,"gender":"Male","age_gap":38,"age_gap_label":"38 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Larne, County Antrim, Ireland","County Antrim, Ireland, United Kingdom","Larne"],"score":33,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["plausible 38-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 53 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","weak broad-area overlap: antrim (+1; not a locality match)","same research cluster (+0; grouping is not kinship evidence)","subject's birth fits between children attributed to the same parental couple (1783–1802) (+6; other parent Elizabeth Glasgow)","known spouse Elizabeth Glasgow had a plausible maternal age (36) at the subject's birth (+7)","the same sex-aware parent-name position recurs independently in sibling households: George Glasgow → William Glasgow (+3)"],"conflicts":["a different linked father is explicitly uncertain (−6; an existing hypothesis still needs resolving)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":6,"factors":["age","broad geography","sibling-household replication","spouse chronology","spouse-specific child window","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":5,"suggested_co_parent":{"id":"Stewart-72380","name":"Elizabeth Glasgow","html_url":"/people/stewart-72380.html"}},{"id":"Glasgow-3927","name":"John Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3927","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3927.html","birth_year":1767,"death_year":null,"gender":"Male","age_gap":34,"age_gap_label":"34 years","role":"possible father","locations":["Inishrush, Tamlaght O'Crilly, County Londonderry, Ireland","Desertoghill civil parish","Drumcon — probable townland match"],"score":27,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["plausible 34-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","mapped Desertoghill civil parish is 8.9 km from the subject's birth-period Rasharkin (+2; one or both placements are unproved)","candidate and subject share the given name John (+4; weak direct parent-child name recurrence, 278 public profiles)","3 independent unlinked-profile clue types converge (+5): household chronology, locality, naming"],"conflicts":["a different linked father is explicitly uncertain (−6; an existing hypothesis still needs resolving)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":5,"factors":["age","indirect multi-factor convergence","mapped proximity","same-sex generational naming","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":5,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Unknown-761034","name":"Rosanna Unknown","catalogue_id":"unknown-761034","html_url":"/people/unknown-761034.html","birth_year":1778,"death_year":1822,"gender":"Female","age_gap":23,"age_gap_label":"at least 23 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Killoquin electoral division"],"score":29,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["bounded birth date gives a parent-child age gap of at least 23 years (+10; true age remains uncertain)","candidate's birth is 38 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a marginal two-generation interval (+1)","mapped Killoquin electoral division is 1.0 km from the subject's birth-period Rasharkin (+3; one or both placements are unproved)","subject's birth fits between children attributed to the same parental couple (1796–1815) (+6; other parent Older Alexander Glasgow)","a candidate spouse matches the first dated son Alexander Glasgow, the expected father position (+4; Alexander in 59 profiles)","3 independent unlinked-profile clue types converge (+5): household chronology, locality, naming"],"conflicts":[],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":6,"factors":["age","indirect multi-factor convergence","mapped proximity","sex-aware ordered naming","spouse-specific child window","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":6,"suggested_co_parent":{"id":"Glasgow-3904","name":"Older Alexander Glasgow","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3904.html"}},{"id":"Glasgow-3992","name":"Ann Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glasgow-3992","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3992.html","birth_year":1768,"death_year":1832,"gender":"Female","age_gap":33,"age_gap_label":"33 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Larne, County Antrim, Ireland","County Antrim — exact locality unproved"],"score":24,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["plausible 33-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 48 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","weak broad-area overlap: antrim (+1; not a locality match)","candidate's given name recurs among another recorded child (+1; Ann occurs in 41 public profiles)"],"conflicts":[],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":4,"factors":["age","broad geography","child naming","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":4,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Lang-8358","name":"Jean (Lang) Glasgow","catalogue_id":"lang-8358","html_url":"/people/lang-8358.html","birth_year":1780,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","age_gap":21,"age_gap_label":"21 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Barony"],"score":23,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["plausible 21-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 36 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a marginal two-generation interval (+1)","a candidate spouse matches the first dated son Alexander Glasgow, the expected father position (+4; Alexander in 59 profiles)"],"conflicts":["locality comparison is unavailable because one or both profiles lack adequate place data (no deduction)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":3,"factors":["age","sex-aware ordered naming","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":3,"suggested_co_parent":null},{"id":"Unknown-760890","name":"Rose Glasgow","catalogue_id":"unknown-760890","html_url":"/people/unknown-760890.html","birth_year":1767,"death_year":1833,"gender":"Female","age_gap":34,"age_gap_label":"34 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Inishrush, Tamlaght O’Crilly, County Londonderry","St Nossonus — Tamlaght O'Crilly Lower graveyard"],"score":21,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["plausible 34-year parent-child age gap (+18)","candidate's birth is 49 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","mapped St Nossonus — Tamlaght O'Crilly Lower graveyard is 9.5 km from the subject's birth-period Rasharkin (+2; one or both placements are unproved)","subject's birth fits between children attributed to the same parental couple (1790–1822) (+6; other parent Adam Glasgow)","candidate's other children share uncommon given names with the subject's recorded siblings: Nancy +3 (49 public profiles) (+3 total)"],"conflicts":["candidate's household recorded James Glasgow in Inishrush, Tamlaght O’Crilly, County Londonderry within 7 years of the subject (−12; no contemporaneous child is indexed in the subject's locality)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":1,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":6,"factors":["age","contemporaneous household conflict","mapped proximity","rare sibling-name pattern","spouse-specific child window","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":5,"suggested_co_parent":{"id":"Glasgow-3902","name":"Adam Glasgow","html_url":"/people/glasgow-3902.html"}},{"id":"Glendinning-775","name":"Agnes (Glendinning) Glasgow","catalogue_id":"glendinning-775","html_url":"/people/glendinning-775.html","birth_year":1760,"death_year":null,"gender":"Female","age_gap":41,"age_gap_label":"at least 41 years","role":"possible mother","locations":["Midlothian — exact locality unproved"],"score":21,"classification":"weak lead","reasons":["bounded birth date gives a parent-child age gap of at least 41 years (+10; true age remains uncertain)","candidate's birth is 56 years before the subject's earliest dated child (1816), a compatible grandparent-generation interval (+4)","a candidate spouse matches the first dated son Alexander Glasgow, the expected father position (+4; Alexander in 59 profiles)","candidate's other children share uncommon given names with the subject's recorded siblings: George +3 (61 public profiles) (+3 total)"],"conflicts":["locality comparison is unavailable because one or both profiles lack adequate place data (no deduction)"],"currently_linked_parent":false,"naming_signal_count":2,"relationship_certainty":"Not currently linked as parent","factor_count":4,"factors":["age","rare sibling-name pattern","sex-aware ordered naming","two-generation chronology"],"indirect_factor_count":3,"suggested_co_parent":null}],"method":"Automated leads use birth surnames—not married surnames—as parental eligibility, role-specific biological age limits, bounded and approximate-date uncertainty, household chronology, specific time-aware localities, mapped distance, tenancy succession, migration destinations and sex-aware Scottish naming positions across generations. People already attached as the subject's parents stay in the identity summary and are excluded from this alternative-candidate list, regardless of relationship confidence. The main calibration uses clues available on disconnected profiles; existing parent and sibling links are retained as comparison context rather than treated as transferable evidence. Common ordered names and grandparent-to-child echoes receive a small non-zero weight, so a John or James match can support several independent criteria without producing a lead alone. Rare names, repeated bearers and bundles across otherwise distinct branches receive substantially more weight according to catalogue frequency. An exact migration place is weighted by its rarity and repetition across both branches; a shared destination country is worth only one point. Extra weight is added only when at least three independent clue types converge: naming, locality, specific migration, household chronology or collateral networks. Sparse profiles retain a clearly labelled chronology-only fallback instead of disappearing. Countries, states, counties and research clusters do not count as a shared locality, and fallback, broad representative or kin-inferred coordinates are excluded from distance scoring. Shared descendant profiles are removed before branch-name comparison. A candidate already recorded as a parent-in-law is excluded. A confident or independently supported parent is treated as settled; uncertain and unassessed attachments remain open to alternative comparison. A different linked parent, an uncle/aunt or grandparent path, and a matching existing child profile prevent an alternative from being classified as a strong direct-parent lead until the underlying tree conflict or duplicate is resolved. Familiar forms such as Bessie are normalised. Surname remains an eligibility filter worth zero points.","warning":"Naming customs, shared farms and occupations are circumstantial. Children, spouses and collateral relatives may be missing, and tree-derived family networks are not independent evidence. Scores rank research leads; they do not prove parentage."}}