James Glascho

Biography
James Glasgow—also recorded as James Glascho—was a householder, congregational officer and later Presbyterian ruling elder associated with Kilwaughter, County Antrim, Ireland. He was recorded there in the 1669 Hearth Money Roll, was active in the affairs of the Larne and Kilwaughter Presbyterian congregation by 1700, later became a member of its session, and was recorded as deceased in 1726. A 1727 Connor diocesan probate index entry for James Glasgow of Kilwater is a strong follow-on match, although the original probate record is lost and supplies no relatives.

His parents, birthplace and exact date of birth are not known.
Robert Glasgow at Larne in 1653
A 1653 deposition records a Robert Glaskow as living at Larne, County Antrim. 1641 Depositions Project, examination mentioning Robert Glaskow "living in Larne," 1653, 1641 Depositions Project, item 42821 (https://1641dep.abdn.ac.uk/items/show/42821.html). 

In evidence concerning the death of Teige O'Sheale, a witness stated that he had heard that James Browne and Robert Glaskow, then living in Larne, had found O'Sheale. The account attributes the shooting to James Browne rather than directly to Robert.

This is an important early occurrence of the Glasgow surname in Larne before James's appearance in the 1669 Hearth Money Roll.

The record does not give Robert's age, birthplace, occupation, wife, children or relationship to James Glasgow.

Robert may have belonged to the same Larne and Kilwaughter Glasgow family, and he could theoretically have been James's father, uncle or another close relative. At present no surviving evidence establishes the relationship.
Kilwaughter householder in 1669
The 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll records Jo. Glascho and James Glascho in Kilwaughter parish. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll, T/307/A; W. Macafee, transcription of the 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll (https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf), records 5347–5348, PDF p. 36. 

Their consecutive entries, shared surname and shared parish strongly suggest a close association.

The record itself gives no relationship. John may have been James's brother, father, son or another relative.

Macafee's database standardises the locality as Kilwaughter Demesne, but the transmitted townland field in the transcription is Unnamed. The safest description is therefore that James and John were recorded in Kilwaughter parish, in the section standardised by Macafee as the Demesne.

Macafee's online material is several stages removed from the destroyed original rolls. The surviving database derives from earlier copies of the original records and should therefore be treated as a transcription rather than an image of the original assessment. W. Macafee, Seventeenth-Century Census Substitutes (https://www.billmacafee.com/17centurydatabases.htm), discussion of the provenance and transcription history of the surviving hearth-money material. 

The published transcription should not by itself be cited for a statement that James was taxed for exactly one hearth unless the number of hearths has been checked directly against PRONI T/307/A.

The form Glascho is an historical or transmitted spelling of Glasgow. It should not be described as specifically Gaelic on the evidence of the hearth roll alone.
Larne and Kilwaughter Presbyterian congregation
James became a prominent member of the Presbyterian congregation serving Larne and Kilwaughter, sometimes known as the Head of the Town congregation.

Surviving extracts from the congregational records show a cluster of adult Glasgow men involved in its affairs about 1700: Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 2 (1863), pp. 409–414, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0002unse); and 3 (1864), pp. 15–19, 196–198 and 379–380, Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

* John Glasgow — associated with Kilwaughter in arrangements concerning ploughing and repairs.
* James Glasgow — appointed to oversee building work for the Kilwaughter households.
* Robert Glasgow — associated with the south side of the water in congregational arrangements.

This demonstrates that James was not an isolated Glasgow resident. Several adult men of the surname were established within the congregation at the same period.

No surviving congregational entry, however, explicitly describes John or Robert as James's brother, father or son.

The John active about 1700 may be the Jo. Glascho recorded immediately beside James in 1669, but that identification is not directly proved.

The Robert active about 1700 should not automatically be identified with the Robert living at Larne in 1653.
Congregational officer in 1700
In 1700 James Glasgow was appointed an overseer for the Kilwaughter district.

He participated in arrangements for work performed for the minister and supervised the construction of office-houses on behalf of the Kilwaughter households. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

His position indicates that he was a trusted and established member of the local Presbyterian community.

The surviving elder roster associated with the early ministry of William Ogilvie does not include James Glasgow.

James should therefore not be described as a proved ruling elder in 1700.

His documented position at that date was a congregational or district overseer chosen to supervise practical affairs.
Later ruling elder
James later became a member of the session of the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation.

A surviving cumulative session list covering the period beginning in 1721 includes James Glasgow among the members and carries the later annotation that he was deceased 1726. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse), extracts from the Larne and Kilwaughter session records. 

Membership of a Presbyterian session establishes that James served as a ruling elder.

Because the surviving session list was cumulative and the earlier session book for part of the period is missing, the exact year in which James became an elder is not known.

The evidence supports the following sequence:

* 1669 — householder in Kilwaughter parish.
* 1700 — congregational overseer for Kilwaughter, but not included in the surviving early elder roster.
* Between 1701 and 1726 — became a ruling elder.
* 1721–1726 — included in the surviving cumulative session list.
* 1726 — recorded as deceased.

It is therefore safest to describe him as a Presbyterian ruling elder later in life, rather than assigning that office to him from 1700.
Presbytery commissioner in 1722
In 1722 James Glasgow was one of six men attending Presbytery as commissioners from the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation.

The same entry names Brice Blair separately as the congregation's elder for that particular meeting. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

James's participation as commissioner demonstrates his continuing importance in congregational government, but this 1722 entry alone should not be used as the primary proof that he was a ruling elder.

His status as ruling elder is independently established by his inclusion in the session list.
Death
The session list annotates James Glasgow as:

:deceased 1726

This is the best surviving evidence for his year of death. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

His death should therefore be recorded as:

* 1726.
* Exact date unknown.
* Place uncertain, probably in or near Kilwaughter, County Antrim.

There is no need to use "about 1726" if the session annotation itself explicitly gives the year.
Probate
The Connor diocesan wills index contains a 1727 probate entry for:

:James Glasgow, Kilwater

The combination of surname, locality and date makes this a very strong match for the James Glasgow recorded as deceased in 1726. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, pre-1858 wills index, "Glasgow, James, Kilwater," Diocese of Connor, 1727, PRONI Name Search (https://apps.proni.gov.uk/ProniNames_IE/SearchPage.aspx). 

The original will or administration document does not appear to survive.

The index therefore cannot presently identify his widow, children, executor, beneficiaries, brothers, other relatives or property.

The most likely reconstruction is that James died in 1726 and probate proceedings followed in 1727.
Associated Glasgow men
Several Glasgow men can be associated with the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation during James's lifetime or soon afterwards.
John Glasgow
John Glasgow appears immediately before James in the 1669 Hearth Money Roll and was involved in Kilwaughter congregational arrangements about 1700. W. Macafee, 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll (https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf), records 5347–5348; Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

He was probably a close relative of James.

Possible relationships include:

* Brother.
* Father.
* Son.
* Another close relative.

No surviving record specifies the relationship.

A brother or close collateral relationship is plausible, but should not be presented as proved.
Robert Glasgow
A Robert Glasgow was active within the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation about 1700 on the south side of the water. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

A later Robert Glasgow also appears among the members of the session. A 1747 congregational minute records his removal from the session after he refused the required public discipline following fornication. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

It is not yet proved that the Robert active in 1700 and the later ruling elder were the same man.

Neither is proved to have been James's son.
Hugh Glasgow
A later Hugh Glasgow appears as a member of the session and was recorded as deceased on 8 July 1767. Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," The Christian Unitarian 3 (1864), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse). 

His membership of the same congregation and surname make him a likely member of the wider Kilwaughter Glasgow family.

No surviving record proves him to have been James's son.
Possible children and later generations
No child of James Glasgow has yet been proved by a surviving primary or near-primary record.

Several later Glasgow men associated with Kilwaughter may have been descendants or close relatives:

* Hugh Glasgow (about 1705–1767).
* James Glasgow (about 1707– ), possibly the man who married Sara Muray in 1727.
* William Glasgow (about 1708–about 1783).
* Robert Glasgow (about 1710–about 1772).

Their presence demonstrates continuity of the Glasgow surname in the Kilwaughter area but does not establish parentage.

Any children attached to James should remain marked uncertain unless supported by additional evidence.

In particular, James Glasgow, reportedly born in 1736, cannot be a biological son of this James if the elder James was deceased in 1726. Either the relationship or one of the dates must be incorrect.
Possible son: James Glasgow of Randalstown and Duneane
James Glasgow, the ruling elder associated with Randalstown or Drummaul in 1698 and 1703 and probably Duneane in 1705, has been attached as an uncertain son of James Glasgow of Kilwaughter.

The relationship is not stated in any surviving record. It is nevertheless chronologically and geographically plausible. James of Kilwaughter was already an independent householder in 1669, while the younger James first appears as a ruling elder in 1698. A son born during the 1660s or 1670s would fit that chronology comfortably.

The 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll also makes a family connection worth considering. Macafee's transcription records only three householders standardised under the surname Glasgow: Elizabeth Glascho at Glenarm and James and Jo. Glascho at Kilwaughter. No householder standardised as Glasgow appears in Drummaul or Duneane. W. Macafee, transcription of the 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll (https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf), entries for Elizabeth, James and Jo. Glascho. 

The later appearance of a James Glasgow as a Presbyterian ruling elder in western County Antrim could therefore represent a younger member of the established Kilwaughter-area Glasgow family who had moved west.

James of Kilwaughter is presently treated as the possible father because the chronology works and the repeated given name is consistent with a father-son relationship. However, John Glasgow, recorded beside James at Kilwaughter in 1669, or another member of the same family could also have been the younger James's father.

The parent-child relationship should therefore remain marked uncertain unless estate, congregational, probate or other evidence explicitly establishes it.
Identity assessment
The records strongly support one continuous Kilwaughter individual:

:1669 — James Glascho, Kilwaughter householder.
:1700 — James Glasgow, Kilwaughter congregational overseer.
:By 1721–1726 — James Glasgow, member of the Larne and Kilwaughter session and therefore a ruling elder.
:1722 — James Glasgow, commissioner to Presbytery.
:1726 — James Glasgow recorded deceased.
:1727 — James Glasgow of Kilwater, probate indexed in the Diocese of Connor.

No single surviving document explicitly states that all these records concern the same man.

The combination of name, place, congregational continuity and death/probate chronology nevertheless makes the identification strongly probable.
Research NotesPossible Scottish identity
The Scottish child now represented separately by James Glasgow was recorded in a Glasgow parish index in November 1645 as a child of Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham. "Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950," FamilySearch database, James Glasgow, November 1645, parents Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham, FamilySearch record VQHK-VMK (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VQHK-VMK); derived from the Glasgow Old Parish Register. 

Derivative references give both 11 November and 25 November 1645. The original register page has not yet been examined, so it is unclear whether these represent birth, baptism, registration or an indexing difference.

Until the original page is reviewed, the safest statement concerning this Scottish child is only November 1645.

The chronology is compatible with the Kilwaughter man. If born in November 1645, he would have been about twenty-three or twenty-four when recorded as an independent householder in 1669, about fifty-five in 1700, and about eighty at his death in 1726.

Chronological compatibility is not evidence of identity.

No known record states that James of Kilwaughter:

* Was born in Glasgow.
* Was a son of Robert Glasgow.
* Was a son of Jonet Cunningham.
* Migrated from Scotland to Ireland.
* Was related to the Robert Glaskow recorded at Larne in 1653.

The proposed identification of the Scottish James with this Kilwaughter man remains an open, low-to-moderate hypothesis. The profiles should remain separate and must not be merged without a record bridging origin, kinship or migration.
Parentage assessment
The parents of James Glasgow of Kilwaughter are presently unknown.

Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham should not presently be described as his probable or established parents.

They were the parents of a James Glasgow recorded in Glasgow in November 1645. "Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950," FamilySearch database, James Glasgow, November 1645 (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VQHK-VMK), parents Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham. 

What remains unproved is whether that child was James of Kilwaughter.

There is also a separate unproved proposition that the Scottish father Robert Glasgow was identical with the Robert Glaskow living at Larne in 1653.

The proposed pedigree therefore requires both of the following identifications to be correct:

* The Scottish James recorded in 1645 was James of Kilwaughter.
* The Scottish Robert Glasgow was Robert Glaskow of Larne in 1653.

Neither has yet been demonstrated by a record naming origins, kinship or migration.

The Scottish couple may remain in Research Notes as candidate parents, but attaching them as parents on the profile risks turning a plausible hypothesis into copied genealogical fact.
Current Irish reconstruction
The strongest current reconstruction is:

:Robert Glaskow — living at Larne in 1653; relationship to the later Kilwaughter Glasgows unknown.
:John Glasgow — Kilwaughter in 1669 and probably the John active there about 1700.
:James Glasgow — Kilwaughter in 1669; overseer in 1700; later ruling elder; died 1726.
:Robert Glasgow — active in the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation about 1700; relationship unknown.

These records establish a local Glasgow surname cluster and probable kinship network. They do not establish parent-child relationships.
Scottish hypothesis
The separate working hypothesis is:

:Robert Glasgow married Jonet Cunningham.
:* Their son James Glasgow was recorded at Glasgow in November 1645.
:* That James may subsequently have migrated to County Antrim.
:* He may have been the James Glasgow recorded at Kilwaughter from 1669.

This remains unproved.
Evidence against merging with the western elder
The General Synod records give the following sequence: Presbyterian Church in Ireland, Records of the General Synod of Ulster, from 1691 to 1820, vol. 1 (Belfast, 1890), Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/recordsofgeneral01pres). 

* 1698 — William Taylor / James Glasgow.
* 1703 — William Taylor / James Glasgow.
* 1703 — William Ogilvie / James Caldwell.
* 1705 — James Scott / James Glasgow.
* 1705 — William Taylor / Robert King.

William Taylor was minister of Randalstown or Drummaul.

William Ogilvie was minister of Larne and Kilwaughter.

James Scott was minister of Duneane.

The placement of James Glasgow beside Taylor in 1698 and 1703, followed by Scott in 1705, strongly favours a western-Antrim identity separate from James of Kilwaughter.
Not to be confused with
James of Kilwaughter should not presently be merged with:

* The James Glasgow who served as ruling elder for Randalstown in 1698 and 1703 and probably Duneane in 1705.
* James Glasgow (bef.1657-), the Covenanter.
* James Glasgow (1640-).
* Other contemporary Scottish men of the name.
Date and place guidance
Recommended profile data:

* Birth: uncertain; exact date unknown.
* Birthplace: unknown.
* Parents: unknown.
* Residence: Kilwaughter parish, County Antrim, by 1669.
* Religion: Presbyterian.
* Occupation/status: householder; congregational overseer; later ruling elder.
* Death: 1726, exact date unknown.
* Death place: uncertain, probably County Antrim.
* Probate: Diocese of Connor, 1727.

If the profile requires a birth estimate, a conservative form would be:

:Birth before 1649, place unknown

This is based only on his appearance as an independent householder in 1669.

Alternatively, November 1645, uncertain could be retained only if the profile is explicitly using the proposed Scottish identity as an uncertain working hypothesis.
Record-loss caution
The surviving evidence is affected by substantial record loss.

The original Irish hearth-money rolls were destroyed in the 1922 Public Record Office fire. The surviving County Antrim material derives through earlier copies rather than the original rolls. W. Macafee, Seventeenth-Century Census Substitutes (https://www.billmacafee.com/17centurydatabases.htm). 

Many pre-1858 Irish wills were also destroyed.

Absence of explicit family relationships in the surviving sources therefore does not imply that such records never existed.
Research priorities
Kilwaughter estate papers and rentals

* PRONI D282.
* NRS GD154/505–534.
* Search leases, renewals, rentals and named lives involving James, John and Robert Glasgow.
* A lease identifying "James, son of Robert Glasgow" or equivalent wording would be decisive.

Original Larne and Kilwaughter session books

* PRONI MIC1B/6A/1B and associated volumes.
* Inspect the cumulative elder list and the original annotation beside James.
* Search every surviving entry from 1721 through 1727 for his admission as elder, illness, death, burial costs, mortcloth payments, widow, executor or relatives.
* Porter's articles are extracts rather than a diplomatic transcription and may omit genealogically useful details.

1666 County Antrim subsidy roll

* PRONI T/808/14889.
* Search separately for Glasgow, Glascho, Glaskow, Glass and similar forms.
* This may establish James, John or Robert in Kilwaughter before 1669.

1727 probate substitutes

* Betham abstracts.
* Crosslé manuscripts.
* Groves collection.
* Thrift abstracts.
* Surviving Connor diocesan administration material.
* Search for an executor, widow, legatees or property description.

Registry of Deeds

* Search from 1709 onward for Glasgow grantors, lessees, witnesses and memorials involving Kilwaughter or the Agnew estate.
* Particular attention should be given to deeds after James's death where a widow, son, heir or executor renewed or assigned a lease.

Original Glasgow Old Parish Register page

* Examine the original page containing the November 1645 entry.
* Determine whether 11 and 25 November represent birth and baptism.
* Record any residence, occupation or witnesses supplied.
* Search surrounding entries and siblings of the Scottish James for names later appearing in County Antrim.
* National Records of Scotland guidance: Old Parish Registers research guide (https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/learning-and-events/research-guides/old-parish-registers/).

Glasgow burgess records

* Examine the complete 1655 absent-burgess material, Glasgow City Archives C1/1/13.
* Evidence explicitly placing Robert Glasgow in Ireland, Larne or Carrickfergus would materially strengthen the Scottish hypothesis.
* A bare statement that he was absent would not establish migration to County Antrim.
Sources
* 1641 Depositions Project. 1653 examination mentioning Robert Glaskow as living in Larne. Item 42821 (https://1641dep.abdn.ac.uk/items/show/42821.html).

* Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll, T/307/A.

* Macafee, W. 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll transcription. Entries for Jo. Glascho and James Glascho, records 5347–5348. PDF transcription (https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf).

* Macafee, W. "Seventeenth-Century Census Substitutes." Bill Macafee website (https://www.billmacafee.com/17centurydatabases.htm).

* Porter, Classon. "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter." The Christian Unitarian, vol. 2 (1863), pp. 409–414. Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0002unse).

* Porter, Classon. "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter." The Christian Unitarian, vol. 3 (1864), pp. 15–19, 196–198, 379–380. Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse).

* Presbyterian Church in Ireland. Records of the General Synod of Ulster, from 1691 to 1820, vol. 1. Belfast, 1890. Internet Archive (https://archive.org/details/recordsofgeneral01pres). Searchable OCR text (https://archive.org/stream/recordsofgeneral01pres/recordsofgeneral01pres_djvu.txt).

* Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. Pre-1858 wills index, "Glasgow, James, Kilwater," Diocese of Connor, 1727. PRONI Name Search (https://apps.proni.gov.uk/ProniNames_IE/SearchPage.aspx).

* FamilySearch. "Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950," James Glasgow, November 1645, parents Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham, record VQHK-VMK. FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VQHK-VMK).

* National Records of Scotland. "Old Parish Registers." Research guide (https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/learning-and-events/research-guides/old-parish-registers/).

== Biography ==

{{Estimated Date}}
{{One Name Study|name=Glasgow}}

'''James Glasgow'''—also recorded as '''James Glascho'''—was a householder, congregational officer and later Presbyterian ruling elder associated with '''Kilwaughter, County Antrim, Ireland'''. He was recorded there in the 1669 Hearth Money Roll, was active in the affairs of the Larne and Kilwaughter Presbyterian congregation by 1700, later became a member of its session, and was recorded as deceased in '''1726'''. A 1727 Connor diocesan probate index entry for James Glasgow of Kilwater is a strong follow-on match, although the original probate record is lost and supplies no relatives.

His parents, birthplace and exact date of birth are not known.

=== Robert Glasgow at Larne in 1653 ===

A 1653 deposition records a '''Robert Glaskow''' as living at '''Larne, County Antrim'''.<ref>1641 Depositions Project, examination mentioning Robert Glaskow "living in Larne," 1653, [https://1641dep.abdn.ac.uk/items/show/42821.html 1641 Depositions Project, item 42821].</ref>

In evidence concerning the death of Teige O'Sheale, a witness stated that he had heard that James Browne and Robert Glaskow, then living in Larne, had found O'Sheale. The account attributes the shooting to James Browne rather than directly to Robert.

This is an important early occurrence of the Glasgow surname in Larne before James's appearance in the 1669 Hearth Money Roll.

The record does not give Robert's age, birthplace, occupation, wife, children or relationship to James Glasgow.

Robert may have belonged to the same Larne and Kilwaughter Glasgow family, and he could theoretically have been James's father, uncle or another close relative. At present no surviving evidence establishes the relationship.

=== Kilwaughter householder in 1669 ===

The 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll records '''Jo. Glascho''' and '''James Glascho''' in Kilwaughter parish.<ref>Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll, T/307/A; W. Macafee, [https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf transcription of the 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll], records 5347–5348, PDF p. 36.</ref>

Their consecutive entries, shared surname and shared parish strongly suggest a close association.

The record itself gives no relationship. John may have been James's brother, father, son or another relative.

Macafee's database standardises the locality as '''Kilwaughter Demesne''', but the transmitted townland field in the transcription is '''Unnamed'''. The safest description is therefore that James and John were recorded in '''Kilwaughter parish, in the section standardised by Macafee as the Demesne'''.

Macafee's online material is several stages removed from the destroyed original rolls. The surviving database derives from earlier copies of the original records and should therefore be treated as a transcription rather than an image of the original assessment.<ref>W. Macafee, [https://www.billmacafee.com/17centurydatabases.htm Seventeenth-Century Census Substitutes], discussion of the provenance and transcription history of the surviving hearth-money material.</ref>

The published transcription should not by itself be cited for a statement that James was taxed for exactly one hearth unless the number of hearths has been checked directly against PRONI T/307/A.

The form ''Glascho'' is an historical or transmitted spelling of Glasgow. It should not be described as specifically Gaelic on the evidence of the hearth roll alone.

=== Larne and Kilwaughter Presbyterian congregation ===

James became a prominent member of the Presbyterian congregation serving Larne and Kilwaughter, sometimes known as the Head of the Town congregation.

Surviving extracts from the congregational records show a cluster of adult Glasgow men involved in its affairs about 1700:<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 2 (1863), pp. 409–414, [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0002unse Internet Archive]; and 3 (1864), pp. 15–19, 196–198 and 379–380, [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

* '''John Glasgow''' — associated with Kilwaughter in arrangements concerning ploughing and repairs.
* '''James Glasgow''' — appointed to oversee building work for the Kilwaughter households.
* '''Robert Glasgow''' — associated with the south side of the water in congregational arrangements.

This demonstrates that James was not an isolated Glasgow resident. Several adult men of the surname were established within the congregation at the same period.

No surviving congregational entry, however, explicitly describes John or Robert as James's brother, father or son.

The John active about 1700 may be the '''Jo. Glascho''' recorded immediately beside James in 1669, but that identification is not directly proved.

The Robert active about 1700 should not automatically be identified with the Robert living at Larne in 1653.

=== Congregational officer in 1700 ===

In 1700 James Glasgow was appointed an overseer for the Kilwaughter district.

He participated in arrangements for work performed for the minister and supervised the construction of office-houses on behalf of the Kilwaughter households.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

His position indicates that he was a trusted and established member of the local Presbyterian community.

The surviving elder roster associated with the early ministry of William Ogilvie does '''not''' include James Glasgow.

James should therefore not be described as a proved ruling elder in 1700.

His documented position at that date was a congregational or district overseer chosen to supervise practical affairs.

=== Later ruling elder ===

James later became a member of the '''session''' of the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation.

A surviving cumulative session list covering the period beginning in 1721 includes '''James Glasgow''' among the members and carries the later annotation that he was '''deceased 1726'''.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive], extracts from the Larne and Kilwaughter session records.</ref>

Membership of a Presbyterian session establishes that James served as a '''ruling elder'''.

Because the surviving session list was cumulative and the earlier session book for part of the period is missing, the exact year in which James became an elder is not known.

The evidence supports the following sequence:

* '''1669''' — householder in Kilwaughter parish.
* '''1700''' — congregational overseer for Kilwaughter, but not included in the surviving early elder roster.
* '''Between 1701 and 1726''' — became a ruling elder.
* '''1721–1726''' — included in the surviving cumulative session list.
* '''1726''' — recorded as deceased.

It is therefore safest to describe him as a Presbyterian ruling elder '''later in life''', rather than assigning that office to him from 1700.

=== Presbytery commissioner in 1722 ===

In 1722 James Glasgow was one of six men attending Presbytery as commissioners from the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation.

The same entry names '''Brice Blair''' separately as the congregation's elder for that particular meeting.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

James's participation as commissioner demonstrates his continuing importance in congregational government, but this 1722 entry alone should not be used as the primary proof that he was a ruling elder.

His status as ruling elder is independently established by his inclusion in the session list.

=== Death ===

The session list annotates James Glasgow as:

:'''deceased 1726'''

This is the best surviving evidence for his year of death.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

His death should therefore be recorded as:

* '''1726'''.
* Exact date unknown.
* Place uncertain, probably in or near Kilwaughter, County Antrim.

There is no need to use "about 1726" if the session annotation itself explicitly gives the year.

=== Probate ===

The Connor diocesan wills index contains a 1727 probate entry for:

:'''James Glasgow, Kilwater'''

The combination of surname, locality and date makes this a very strong match for the James Glasgow recorded as deceased in 1726.<ref>Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, pre-1858 wills index, "Glasgow, James, Kilwater," Diocese of Connor, 1727, [https://apps.proni.gov.uk/ProniNames_IE/SearchPage.aspx PRONI Name Search].</ref>

The original will or administration document does not appear to survive.

The index therefore cannot presently identify his widow, children, executor, beneficiaries, brothers, other relatives or property.

The most likely reconstruction is that James died in 1726 and probate proceedings followed in 1727.

=== Associated Glasgow men ===

Several Glasgow men can be associated with the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation during James's lifetime or soon afterwards.

==== John Glasgow ====

[[Glasgow-3913|'''John Glasgow''']] appears immediately before James in the 1669 Hearth Money Roll and was involved in Kilwaughter congregational arrangements about 1700.<ref>W. Macafee, [https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll], records 5347–5348; Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

He was probably a close relative of James.

Possible relationships include:

* Brother.
* Father.
* Son.
* Another close relative.

No surviving record specifies the relationship.

A brother or close collateral relationship is plausible, but should not be presented as proved.

==== Robert Glasgow ====

A '''Robert Glasgow''' was active within the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation about 1700 on the south side of the water.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

A later '''Robert Glasgow''' also appears among the members of the session. A 1747 congregational minute records his removal from the session after he refused the required public discipline following fornication.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

It is not yet proved that the Robert active in 1700 and the later ruling elder were the same man.

Neither is proved to have been James's son.

==== Hugh Glasgow ====

A later '''Hugh Glasgow''' appears as a member of the session and was recorded as deceased on '''8 July 1767'''.<ref>Classon Porter, "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter," ''The Christian Unitarian'' 3 (1864), [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].</ref>

His membership of the same congregation and surname make him a likely member of the wider Kilwaughter Glasgow family.

No surviving record proves him to have been James's son.

=== Possible children and later generations ===

No child of James Glasgow has yet been proved by a surviving primary or near-primary record.

Several later Glasgow men associated with Kilwaughter may have been descendants or close relatives:

* '''[[Glasgow-1499|Hugh Glasgow]]''' (about 1705–1767).
* '''[[Glasgow-1504|James Glasgow]]''' (about 1707– ), possibly the man who married Sara Muray in 1727.
* '''[[Glasgow-1505|William Glasgow]]''' (about 1708–about 1783).
* '''[[Glasgow-1143|Robert Glasgow]]''' (about 1710–about 1772).

Their presence demonstrates continuity of the Glasgow surname in the Kilwaughter area but does not establish parentage.

Any children attached to James should remain marked '''uncertain''' unless supported by additional evidence.

In particular, '''[[Glasgow-1469|James Glasgow]]''', reportedly born in 1736, cannot be a biological son of this James if the elder James was deceased in 1726. Either the relationship or one of the dates must be incorrect.
=== Possible son: James Glasgow of Randalstown and Duneane ===

'''[[Glasgow-1081|James Glasgow]]''', the ruling elder associated with Randalstown or Drummaul in 1698 and 1703 and probably Duneane in 1705, has been attached as an '''uncertain son''' of James Glasgow of Kilwaughter.

The relationship is not stated in any surviving record. It is nevertheless chronologically and geographically plausible. James of Kilwaughter was already an independent householder in 1669, while the younger James first appears as a ruling elder in 1698. A son born during the 1660s or 1670s would fit that chronology comfortably.

The 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll also makes a family connection worth considering. Macafee's transcription records only three householders standardised under the surname Glasgow: Elizabeth ''Glascho'' at Glenarm and James and Jo. ''Glascho'' at Kilwaughter. No householder standardised as Glasgow appears in Drummaul or Duneane.<ref>W. Macafee, [https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf transcription of the 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll], entries for Elizabeth, James and Jo. Glascho.</ref>

The later appearance of a James Glasgow as a Presbyterian ruling elder in western County Antrim could therefore represent a younger member of the established Kilwaughter-area Glasgow family who had moved west.

James of Kilwaughter is presently treated as the possible father because the chronology works and the repeated given name is consistent with a father-son relationship. However, '''[[Glasgow-3913|John Glasgow]]''', recorded beside James at Kilwaughter in 1669, or another member of the same family could also have been the younger James's father.

The parent-child relationship should therefore remain marked '''uncertain''' unless estate, congregational, probate or other evidence explicitly establishes it.

=== Identity assessment ===

The records strongly support one continuous Kilwaughter individual:

:'''1669''' — James Glascho, Kilwaughter householder.
:'''1700''' — James Glasgow, Kilwaughter congregational overseer.
:'''By 1721–1726''' — James Glasgow, member of the Larne and Kilwaughter session and therefore a ruling elder.
:'''1722''' — James Glasgow, commissioner to Presbytery.
:'''1726''' — James Glasgow recorded deceased.
:'''1727''' — James Glasgow of Kilwater, probate indexed in the Diocese of Connor.

No single surviving document explicitly states that all these records concern the same man.

The combination of name, place, congregational continuity and death/probate chronology nevertheless makes the identification '''strongly probable'''.

== Research Notes ==

=== Possible Scottish identity ===

The Scottish child now represented separately by [[Glasgow-3971|James Glasgow]] was recorded in a Glasgow parish index in November 1645 as a child of '''[[Glasgow-1078|Robert Glasgow]]''' and '''[[Cunningham-22604|Jonet Cunningham]]'''.<ref>"Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950," FamilySearch database, James Glasgow, November 1645, parents Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham, [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VQHK-VMK FamilySearch record VQHK-VMK]; derived from the Glasgow Old Parish Register.</ref>

Derivative references give both '''11 November''' and '''25 November 1645'''. The original register page has not yet been examined, so it is unclear whether these represent birth, baptism, registration or an indexing difference.

Until the original page is reviewed, the safest statement concerning this Scottish child is only '''November 1645'''.

The chronology is compatible with the Kilwaughter man. If born in November 1645, he would have been about twenty-three or twenty-four when recorded as an independent householder in 1669, about fifty-five in 1700, and about eighty at his death in 1726.

Chronological compatibility is not evidence of identity.

No known record states that James of Kilwaughter:

* Was born in Glasgow.
* Was a son of Robert Glasgow.
* Was a son of Jonet Cunningham.
* Migrated from Scotland to Ireland.
* Was related to the Robert Glaskow recorded at Larne in 1653.

The proposed identification of [[Glasgow-3971|the Scottish James]] with this Kilwaughter man remains an open, low-to-moderate hypothesis. The profiles should remain separate and must not be merged without a record bridging origin, kinship or migration.

=== Parentage assessment ===

The parents of James Glasgow of Kilwaughter are presently '''unknown'''.

'''[[Glasgow-1078|Robert Glasgow]]''' and '''[[Cunningham-22604|Jonet Cunningham]]''' should not presently be described as his probable or established parents.

They were the parents of a James Glasgow recorded in Glasgow in November 1645.<ref>"Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950," FamilySearch database, [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VQHK-VMK James Glasgow, November 1645], parents Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham.</ref>

What remains unproved is whether that child was James of Kilwaughter.

There is also a separate unproved proposition that the Scottish father Robert Glasgow was identical with the Robert Glaskow living at Larne in 1653.

The proposed pedigree therefore requires both of the following identifications to be correct:

* The Scottish James recorded in 1645 was James of Kilwaughter.
* The Scottish Robert Glasgow was Robert Glaskow of Larne in 1653.

Neither has yet been demonstrated by a record naming origins, kinship or migration.

The Scottish couple may remain in Research Notes as candidate parents, but attaching them as parents on the profile risks turning a plausible hypothesis into copied genealogical fact.

=== Current Irish reconstruction ===

The strongest current reconstruction is:

:'''Robert Glaskow''' — living at Larne in 1653; relationship to the later Kilwaughter Glasgows unknown.
:'''John Glasgow''' — Kilwaughter in 1669 and probably the John active there about 1700.
:'''James Glasgow''' — Kilwaughter in 1669; overseer in 1700; later ruling elder; died 1726.
:'''Robert Glasgow''' — active in the Larne and Kilwaughter congregation about 1700; relationship unknown.

These records establish a local Glasgow surname cluster and probable kinship network. They do '''not''' establish parent-child relationships.

=== Scottish hypothesis ===

The separate working hypothesis is:

:'''[[Glasgow-1078|Robert Glasgow]]''' married '''[[Cunningham-22604|Jonet Cunningham]]'''.
:* Their son '''James Glasgow''' was recorded at Glasgow in November 1645.
:* That James may subsequently have migrated to County Antrim.
:* He may have been the James Glasgow recorded at Kilwaughter from 1669.

This remains unproved.

=== Evidence against merging with the western elder ===

The General Synod records give the following sequence:<ref>Presbyterian Church in Ireland, ''Records of the General Synod of Ulster, from 1691 to 1820'', vol. 1 (Belfast, 1890), [https://archive.org/details/recordsofgeneral01pres Internet Archive].</ref>

* '''1698''' — William Taylor / James Glasgow.
* '''1703''' — William Taylor / James Glasgow.
* '''1703''' — William Ogilvie / James Caldwell.
* '''1705''' — James Scott / James Glasgow.
* '''1705''' — William Taylor / Robert King.

William Taylor was minister of Randalstown or Drummaul.

William Ogilvie was minister of Larne and Kilwaughter.

James Scott was minister of Duneane.

The placement of James Glasgow beside Taylor in 1698 and 1703, followed by Scott in 1705, strongly favours a western-Antrim identity separate from James of Kilwaughter.

=== Not to be confused with ===

James of Kilwaughter should not presently be merged with:

* The '''James Glasgow''' who served as ruling elder for Randalstown in 1698 and 1703 and probably Duneane in 1705.
* [[Glasgow-1376|James Glasgow (bef.1657-)]], the Covenanter.
* [[Glasgow-3077|James Glasgow (1640-)]].
* Other contemporary Scottish men of the name.

=== Date and place guidance ===

Recommended profile data:

* '''Birth:''' uncertain; exact date unknown.
* '''Birthplace:''' unknown.
* '''Parents:''' unknown.
* '''Residence:''' Kilwaughter parish, County Antrim, by 1669.
* '''Religion:''' Presbyterian.
* '''Occupation/status:''' householder; congregational overseer; later ruling elder.
* '''Death:''' 1726, exact date unknown.
* '''Death place:''' uncertain, probably County Antrim.
* '''Probate:''' Diocese of Connor, 1727.

If the profile requires a birth estimate, a conservative form would be:

:'''Birth before 1649, place unknown'''

This is based only on his appearance as an independent householder in 1669.

Alternatively, '''November 1645, uncertain''' could be retained only if the profile is explicitly using the proposed Scottish identity as an uncertain working hypothesis.

=== Record-loss caution ===

The surviving evidence is affected by substantial record loss.

The original Irish hearth-money rolls were destroyed in the 1922 Public Record Office fire. The surviving County Antrim material derives through earlier copies rather than the original rolls.<ref>W. Macafee, [https://www.billmacafee.com/17centurydatabases.htm Seventeenth-Century Census Substitutes].</ref>

Many pre-1858 Irish wills were also destroyed.

Absence of explicit family relationships in the surviving sources therefore does not imply that such records never existed.

=== Research priorities ===

'''Kilwaughter estate papers and rentals'''

* PRONI D282.
* NRS GD154/505–534.
* Search leases, renewals, rentals and named lives involving James, John and Robert Glasgow.
* A lease identifying "James, son of Robert Glasgow" or equivalent wording would be decisive.

'''Original Larne and Kilwaughter session books'''

* PRONI MIC1B/6A/1B and associated volumes.
* Inspect the cumulative elder list and the original annotation beside James.
* Search every surviving entry from 1721 through 1727 for his admission as elder, illness, death, burial costs, mortcloth payments, widow, executor or relatives.
* Porter's articles are extracts rather than a diplomatic transcription and may omit genealogically useful details.

'''1666 County Antrim subsidy roll'''

* PRONI T/808/14889.
* Search separately for Glasgow, Glascho, Glaskow, Glass and similar forms.
* This may establish James, John or Robert in Kilwaughter before 1669.

'''1727 probate substitutes'''

* Betham abstracts.
* Crosslé manuscripts.
* Groves collection.
* Thrift abstracts.
* Surviving Connor diocesan administration material.
* Search for an executor, widow, legatees or property description.

'''Registry of Deeds'''

* Search from 1709 onward for Glasgow grantors, lessees, witnesses and memorials involving Kilwaughter or the Agnew estate.
* Particular attention should be given to deeds after James's death where a widow, son, heir or executor renewed or assigned a lease.

'''Original Glasgow Old Parish Register page'''

* Examine the original page containing the November 1645 entry.
* Determine whether 11 and 25 November represent birth and baptism.
* Record any residence, occupation or witnesses supplied.
* Search surrounding entries and siblings of the Scottish James for names later appearing in County Antrim.
* National Records of Scotland guidance: [https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/learning-and-events/research-guides/old-parish-registers/ Old Parish Registers research guide].

'''Glasgow burgess records'''

* Examine the complete 1655 absent-burgess material, Glasgow City Archives C1/1/13.
* Evidence explicitly placing Robert Glasgow in Ireland, Larne or Carrickfergus would materially strengthen the Scottish hypothesis.
* A bare statement that he was absent would not establish migration to County Antrim.

== Sources ==

<references />

* '''1641 Depositions Project.''' 1653 examination mentioning Robert Glaskow as living in Larne. [https://1641dep.abdn.ac.uk/items/show/42821.html Item 42821].

* '''Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.''' 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll, T/307/A.

* '''Macafee, W.''' 1669 County Antrim Hearth Money Roll transcription. Entries for Jo. Glascho and James Glascho, records 5347–5348. [https://www.billmacafee.com/1660shearthmoneyrolls/1669hearthmoneyrollsantrim.pdf PDF transcription].

* '''Macafee, W.''' "Seventeenth-Century Census Substitutes." [https://www.billmacafee.com/17centurydatabases.htm Bill Macafee website].

* '''Porter, Classon.''' "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter." ''The Christian Unitarian'', vol. 2 (1863), pp. 409–414. [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0002unse Internet Archive].

* '''Porter, Classon.''' "Congregational Memoirs: Larne and Kilwaughter." ''The Christian Unitarian'', vol. 3 (1864), pp. 15–19, 196–198, 379–380. [https://archive.org/details/christianunitari0003unse Internet Archive].

* '''Presbyterian Church in Ireland.''' ''Records of the General Synod of Ulster, from 1691 to 1820'', vol. 1. Belfast, 1890. [https://archive.org/details/recordsofgeneral01pres Internet Archive]. [https://archive.org/stream/recordsofgeneral01pres/recordsofgeneral01pres_djvu.txt Searchable OCR text].

* '''Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.''' Pre-1858 wills index, "Glasgow, James, Kilwater," Diocese of Connor, 1727. [https://apps.proni.gov.uk/ProniNames_IE/SearchPage.aspx PRONI Name Search].

* '''FamilySearch.''' "Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950," James Glasgow, November 1645, parents Robert Glasgow and Jonet Cunningham, record VQHK-VMK. [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VQHK-VMK FamilySearch].

* '''National Records of Scotland.''' "Old Parish Registers." [https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/learning-and-events/research-guides/old-parish-registers/ Research guide].